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I. Journal Publication Policies and Ethics
Allergy Asthma Respir Dis (AARD) has agreed to follow the ‘Good Publication Practice Guidelines for Medical Journals’ ( https://www.kamje.or.kr/board/view?b_name=bo_publication&bo_id=7, Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors), ‘Guidelines on Good Publication Practice’ ( https://publicationethics.org/files/u7141/1999pdf13.pdf, Committee on publication ethics [COPE]), and International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) Recommendations, ‘The Uniform Requirements’ ( http://www.icmje.org/about-icmje/faqs/icmje-recommendations/). The manuscript submission instructions are consistent with the December 2021 version of the Uniform Requirements. Each author is responsible for fully understanding all requirements listed below. Authors must submit all manuscripts. To submit a manuscript, please prepare it according to Guidelines for Manuscript Preparation.
A. Authorship and Contribution
AARD defines “author” as a person whose participation in the work is sufficient for taking public responsibility for all portions of the content. Specifically, all authors should have made substantial contributions to all of the following:
1) conception and design of the study, or acquisition of the data, or analysis and interpretation of data;
2) drafting of the article or critical revision of the article for important intellectual content; and
3) final approval of the version to be submitted; and
4) Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
When authorship is attributed to a group, all authors must meet the listed criteria and must be responsible for the quality, accuracy, and ethics of the work. All authors must participate in determining the order of authorship. Contributors who meet fewer than all 4 of the above criteria for authorship should not be listed as authors, but they should be acknowledged. Full names, institutional affiliations, highest degree obtained by the authors, and e-mail address need to be clearly mentioned on the title page. If author’s affiliation is different from the institution where author conducted the research, the primary affiliation should be the institution where the research was conducted. The affiliation of author’s current institution can be listed separately.
B. Ethics
Research Ethics
AARD encourages all authors to follow the standardized research ethics. For submission to AARD, studies on human being must comply with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/), and its recommendations guiding physicians in biomedical research involving human subjects. To satisfy this requirement, authors must obtain appropriate informed consent from study subjects. Investigational protocols must have been reviewed and approved by a formally constituted Institutional Review Board (IRB) for human studies. Authors must state in their Methods section that they have received informed consent from participants as well as the IRB approval for their study or have received a statement from the IRB that IRB approval and/or the informed consent was unnecessary. If there is any particular reason not to obtain the informed consent, authors should provide a formal document on the reason when they submit their manuscript. When reporting experiments in animals, authors should indicate whether the institutional and national guide for the care and use of laboratory animals(https://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals.pdf) was followed.
Researchers should present their results clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification or inappropriate data manipulation. Researchers should strive to describe their methods clearly and unambiguously so that their findings can be confirmed by others. The editor follows the COPE flowcharts in cases of suspected misconduct.
Conflict of Interest
Each author must disclose all potential conflicts of interest by completing the AARD Conflict of Interest Disclosure Form. A conflict of interest (COI) is a financial relationship or other set of circumstances that may affect or may reasonably be thought by others to affect an author’s judgment, conduct, or manuscript. For the purposes of this policy, competing interests are defined as financial and non-financial interests that could directly undermine, or be perceived to undermine the objectivity, integrity and value of a publication, through a potential influence on the judgements and actions of authors with regard to objective data presentation, analysis and interpretation. These conflicts of interest must be included as a footnote on the title page or in the acknowledgement section. All authors should certify the disclosure of any conflict of interest with his/her signature.
Financial competing interests include (1) research funds (including salaries, equipment, supplies, and other expenses) by organizations that may gain or lose financially through this publication, (2) recent, present or anticipated employment by any organization that may gain or lose financially through this publication, and (3) personal financial interests (including stocks or shares in companies, consultation fees or other forms of remuneration such as reimbursements for attending symposia) from organizations, and patents or patent applications (awarded or pending) filed by the authors or their institutions whose value may be affected by publication. For patents and patent applications, disclosure of the following information is requested: patent applicant (whether author or institution), name of inventor(s), application number, status of application, specific aspect of manuscript covered in patent application.
Non-financial competing interests can take different forms, including personal or professional relations with organizations and individuals. We would encourage authors and referees to declare any unpaid roles or relationships that might have a bearing on the publication process. Examples of non-financial competing interests include (but are not limited to) (1) unpaid membership in a government or non-governmental organization, (2) unpaid membership in an advocacy or lobbying organization, (3) unpaid advisory position in a commercial organization, (4) writing or consulting for an educational company, and (5) acting as an expert witness.
Privacy and Informed Consent
Authors must omit from their manuscripts any identifying details regarding patients and study participants, including patient names, initials, identification card numbers, and hospital numbers. Patient details may be included only if they are essential for scientific purposes and the authors obtain written informed consent for publication from the patient, parent, or guardian. Additionally, all authors are responsible for ensuring that their manuscript complies with the U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) ( www.hhs.gov/ocr/hipaa) where necessary.
Publication Ethics
Submissions will be considered for publication in AARD only if they are submitted solely to AARD and do not overlap substantially with a previously published article. Any manuscript with a hypothesis, sample characteristics, methodology, results, and conclusions that are similar or nearly similar to those of a published article is considered a duplicate article and is prohibited. AARD also prohibits so-called “salami” publishing which involves the “slicing” of data collected from a single research process or single study period into different pieces to form the basis of multiple manuscripts published in different journals or the same journal.
Preprint Policy
AARD supports the posting of submitted manuscripts on community preprint servers such as arXiv, bioRxiv or similar platforms. We do, however, ask the authors to respect the following summaries of our policies:
- (1) Preprint information must be disclosed at submission for reviewers and editors to be able to evaluate the preprinted information and compare it with the submitted manuscript.
- (2) AARD does not support posting of revised manuscripts that respond to editorial input and peer review or the final published version to preprint servers.
- (3) The accepted version may be posted 6 months after publication. However, the author must acknowledge publication by providing a link to the published version from any previously posted versions of the manuscript as follows: “This article has been published in Allergy Asthma Respir Dis journal following peer review and can also be viewed on the journal’s website at [insert DOI].”
- (4) The published version-copyedited in the AARD journal format-may not be posted on a preprint server or other website.
Clinical Trials
AARD requires investigators to register their clinical trials (other than phase 1 or small device feasibility trials) in a public trial registry. AARD has adopted the WHO’s definition of a clinical trial: "any research study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes." AARD reserves the right to decline consideration or publication of papers if, in its discretion, it deems the disclosure to the registry to be incomplete or inadequate. The clinical trial registration number and place of registry should appear as the last sentence of the Abstract.
AARD accepts the ICMJE Recommendations for data sharing statement policy and strongly recommends that all manuscripts reporting clinical trial results should submit a data sharing statement following the ICMJE guidelines.
C. Copyrights and Creative Commons Attribution License
Upon acceptance of their article, the authors will be asked to sign a Journal Publishing Agreement (for more information on publishing and copyright, see the Transfer of Copyright form), and should send the transfer copyright to publication committee of AARD by fax (+82-2-3676-2847) or e-mail ( aard@aard.or.kr).
All published papers become the permanent property of Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease (KAPARD) and the Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology (KAAACI). Copyrights of all published materials are owned by the KAPARD and the KAAACI. They also follow the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License available from: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. For any commercial use of material from the open access version of the journal, permission must be obtained from the KAPARD and the KAAACI.
Every author should sign the authorship responsibility and copyright transfer agreement form, attesting that he/she fulfills the authorship criteria. Authors are required to identify their contributions to the work described in the manuscript. The manuscript, when published, will become the property of the journal.
II. Editorial Policy
The Editor assumes that on submission of a manuscript, all listed authors have agreed with the following AARD policies. A manuscript submitted to AARD must not have been previously published and must not be under consideration for publication elsewhere. Two or more reviewers will examine a manuscript, and the publication committee will notify the results: (1) accept, (2) accept with minor revision, (3) major revision recommended, (4) reject, (5) consultation review. Under no circumstance will the identities of referees be revealed. If a new author should be added or an author should be deleted after the submission, it is the responsibility of the corresponding author to ensure that all concerned authors are aware of and agree with the change in authorship. AARD has no responsibility for such changes. All published manuscripts become the permanent property of the KAPARD and the KAAACI and may not be published elsewhere without written permission. If the topic of a submitted manuscript dose not fit the AARD’s scope or a submitted manuscript dose not fulfill the author’s check list, it will be sent back to the author before review processes.
III. Manuscript Submission
All manuscripts must be submitted to online through the AARD e-submission system at http://submit.aard.or.kr. All materials must be written in proper and clear Korean or English. At the time of submission, complete contact information (mailing address, telephone number, and e-mail address) for the corresponding author is required. First and last names, and institutional affiliations of all co-authors are also required. The following items are required at the time of submission: title page, main text, image file.
Microsoft Word (doc, docx) is recommended for writing the manuscript. The entire manuscript should be in a standard font, size 12. Each manuscript component should be attached as a separate submission item, be double-spaced and have a 2 cm margin on left and right sides with a 3 cm margin on upper and lower sides.
All pages should be numbered consecutively, starting with the title page as page. 1. Page numbering should begin with the manuscript file. The page number should appear in the lower center of each page. Line number (i.e., 1, 2, 3 etc.) should be displayed in the left-hand margin of the manuscript file. Line numbering can be added form the File/Page Setup menu of word processing programs and should be continuous throughout the manuscript file. Do not restart numbering from each page.
For more information, please contact the journal editorial office directly: E-mail: aard@aard.or.kr
A. Original Article
The total length should not exceed 3,000 words (excluding the Abstract, Reference, and Tables/Figures Legends). The total number of tables and figures should be fewer than 10. Structure of an original article; ① title page, ② abstract and keywords, ③ introduction, ④ materials and methods, ⑤ results, ⑥ discussion, ⑦ acknowledgement, ⑧ references, ⑨ table, ⑩ legend and figure.
Title page
This should contain the Title of an article, full names and affiliations of all authors. The title should be concise and descriptive, should comprise fewer than 20 words in English. A running title within 10 words should be included. For authors with different affiliations, place an Arabic number as a superscript after each author’s last name and before the name of the corresponding affiliation. Provide corresponding author’s name, address (institutional affiliation, city, state/province, zip-code, and country), telephone, and e-mail address at the bottom of the title page. Information concerning sources of financial support should be placed as a footnote.
Abstract
The abstract should be concise and be written in English, should contain fewer than 250 words, and should be organized in a structured format: Purpose, Methods, Results, and Conclusion. Abbreviations should be kept to an absolute minimum.
Key words
List five or less key words from the list provided Index Medicus or the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh.
Text
The text must contain the following sections: 1) Introduction, 2) Materials and Methods, 3) Results, and 4) Discussion.
Introduction
This should state the specific purpose, research objective, or hypothesis of the study and should provide a context or background for the study. Papers most closely related to the issue under study may be mentioned.
Materials and Methods
The explanation of the experimental methods should be concise but sufficient to allow other workers to reproduce the results. This section provides technical information, apparatus details (manufacturer’s name and brief address), and procedures. Provide references and brief descriptions for previously published methods. Describe statistical methods with sufficient detail to enable a reader with access to the original data to verify the reported results. Define statistical terms, abbreviations, and most symbols.
Clearly describe the selection of observational or experimental participants (healthy individuals or patients, including controls), including eligibility and exclusion criteria and a description of the source population. Because the relevance of such variables as age, sex, or ethnicity is not always known at the time of study design, researchers should aim for inclusion of representative populations into all study types and at a minimum provide descriptive data for these and other relevant demographic variables.
Ensure correct use of the terms sex (when reporting biological factors) and gender (identity, psychosocial or cultural factors), and, unless inappropriate, report the sex and/or gender of study participants, the sex of animals or cells, and describe the methods used to determine sex and gender. If the study was done involving an exclusive population, for example in only one sex, authors should justify why, except in obvious cases (e.g., prostate cancer). Authors should define how they determined race or ethnicity and justify their relevance.
Results
The results should be presented logically, using text, tables, and illustrations. Excessive repetition of table or figure contents should be avoided.
Discussion
The data should be interpreted concisely, without repeating data already presented in the results section. Speculation is permitted but must be supported by the presented data and be well founded. Conclusion should be described at the end of discussion section.
Acknowledgments
All persons who have made a substantial contribution but are not eligible as authors are named in the acknowledgments section. Examples of those who may be acknowledged include person who provided purely technical help or writing assistance, or a department chair who provided only general support. Authors should disclose whether they had any writing assistance and identify the entity that paid for this assistance. If needed, funding information can be added in this section.
References
References should not exceed 40 for original article. All references must be identified in the text by superscript Arabic numerals and numbered in consecutive order, as they are cited in the text. The list of references, in numerical order, should be included at the end of the article. Authors are responsible for the accuracy and completeness of their references and the correct text citations. List all authors’ names when there are six or fewer; when there are seven or more, list the first six and add “et al.” Abbreviate journal names according to the examples used in Index Medicus and PubMed. References should follow the styles shown below, according to the sequence: authors, title of paper, journal name, year published, volume, inclusive page numbers. For citations from sources not listed below, refer to the Citing Medicine, 2nd edition. The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7256/). Papers in press may be listed among the references with the journal name and tentative year of publication. Unpublished data or personal communications can be listed only with the author’s written permission.
Examples of Reference Format:
Journal
Standard journal articles
Forno E, Lasky-Su J, Himes B, Howrylak J, Ramsey C, Brehm J, et al. Genome-wide association study of the age of onset of childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;130:83-90.
Journal article with organization as author
Early Treatment of the Atopic Child. Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial: first results of ETAC. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1998;9:116-24.
Volume with supplement
de Groat WC, Kawatani M, Hisamitsu T, Cheng CL, Ma CP, Thor K, et al. Mechanisms underlying the recovery of urinary bladder function following spinal cord injury. J Auton Nerv Syst 1990;30 Suppl: S71-7.
Issue with supplement
Pedersen S, O’Byrne P. A comparison of the efficacy and safety of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. Allergy 1997;52(39 Suppl):1-34.
Issue without volume
Bameister AA. Origins and control of stereotyped movements. Monogr Am Assoc Ment Defic 1978;(3):353-84.
Book
Roitt IM. Essential immunology. 8th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1994.
Chapter in a book
Ellis EF. Asthma in infancy and childhood. In: Middleton E, Reed CE, Ellis EF, Adkinson NF, Yunginger JW, Busse WW, editors. Allergy: principles and practice. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1993:1225-62.
Abstract, Conference proceeding
Vivian VL, Child abuse and neglect: a medical community response [abstract]. Proceedings of the First AMA National Conference on Child Abuse and Neglect; 1984 Mar 30-31 (meeting date); Chicago (meeting place), USA (meeting country). Chicago (academy location): American Medical Association (academy name), 1985 (publication year).
Bae YM, Kil CH. Choi YM, Bae CW. The changes in the mortality rates of low birth weight infant and very low birth weight infant in Korea over the past 40 years [abstract]. In: Program and Abstract, the 53rd Annual Fall Meeting of the Korean Pediatric Society; 2003 Oct 24-25; Seoul, Korea. Seoul: The Korean Pediatric Society, 2003;33.
Dissertation
Youssef NM. School adjustment of children with congenital heart disease [dissertation]. Pittsburgh (PA): Univ. of Pittsburgh,1988.
Website
International Committee of Medical Journal Editor. Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals: writing and editing for biomedical publication [Internet]. Philadelphia: International Committee of Medical Journal Editor, c2009 [cited 2013 Jan 1]. Available from: http://www.icmje.org/urm_main.html.
B. Review Article
Review articles are usually solicited by the Editor-in-Chief. Authors should contact the Editor-in-Chief in advance to determine the appropriateness of any proposed review. A review article should include a Title page (with a running head), an Abstract (unstructured, fewer than 250 words), Key Words, Text including conclusion, References, Table, and Figures. The total length is recommended to be within 5,000 words, and references are unlimited.
C. Case Report
A Case Report should comprise an Abstract (unstructured, fewer than 250 words), Key Words, Introduction, Case Report, Discussion, and References. The total length is within 1,500 words. References should not exceed 20. Authors should anonymize the patient’s details as much as possible, e.g., specific ages, ethnicity, occupations. Publication of any personal information about an identifiable living patient requires the explicit consent of the patient or guardian. Consent will not be waived for case reports involving living patients. If the patient is dead, authors must seek permission from a relative (ideally the next of kin). If authors don’t have signed consent from a deceased patient, guardian or family, the head of authorized medical team/hospital or legal team must take responsibility that exhaustive attempts have been made to contact the family and that the paper has been sufficiently anonymized not to cause harm to the patient’s family. The IRB approval of a case report can substitute the patient’s consent. If authors cannot have a signed consent from the patient due to the circumstances beyond their control, the final acceptance is determined by the AARD editorial committee.
D. Editorial
Editorials are commissioned to relate to papers appearing in the journal. The total length should not exceed 1,000 words, and references should not exceed 20. No abstract is required for editorials.
E. Letter to the Editor
Letter to the Editor concerning recent publications in the AARD will be published through review and approval by the editors when its scientific quality is acceptable and space in the AAIR is available.
A Letter to the Editor should be concise and no longer than 500 words. References should not exceed 7. It should have a title, distinct from the title of the referenced article, an unstructured main content, and a list of references which should be no more than seven. Only one graphic presentation would be accepted.
F. Tables and Figures
Each table should fit within a single page. The table legend may include any pertinent notes and must include definitions of all abbreviations and acronyms used in the Table. For footnotes, the following superscript symbols should be used in this order *, †, ‡, §, ∥, ¶, **. The significance of observations must be indicated by appropriate statistical analysis. If you include a table or figure in a manuscript, it should be referred to in the text as Table and Fig., respectively.
Figures are to be cited consecutively, using Arabic numerals. Figures that are drawn or photographed professionally should be sent as Tiff, EPS, or high resolution JPEG files. Authors should review the images of the files on a computer screen to ensure that meet their own quality standards.
It is recommended to size original figure widths to 4 inches wide. The minimum requirements for digital resolution are:
- 900 DPI/PPI for black and white images, such as line drawings or graphs.
- 300 DPI/PPI for picture-only photographs.
- 600 DPI/PPI for photographs containing pictures and line elements, i.e., text labels, thin lines, arrows.
G. Abbreviations and Unit of Measurements
Authors should limit the use of abbreviations to an absolute minimum. Abbreviations are not to be used in titles. Abstracts may contain abbreviations for terms mentioned many times in the Abstract, but each term must be defined at the first time it is mentioned.
Measurements of length, height, weight, and volume should be reported in metric units (meter, kilogram, or liter, or their decimal multiples). Temperature should be in degrees Celsius.
H. Other Instructions
Authors cited in the text are expressed as a Smith1 for one author, Lee and Park2 for two authors, and Kim et al.3 for 3 authors or more.
Name of microorganism should be expressed as an italic, be described in full name (Echerichia coli) at the first time, and then in abbreviation (E. coli).
Every P value can be reported as a P<0.05, and also as an actual value (P=0.0004). P should be written as an italic capitalized letter.
I. Page Proofs
AARD will provide the corresponding or first author with galley proofs for review/correction. Corresponding authors will receive a PDF file of the typeset pages to check the copyediting before publication. Corrections should be kept to a minimum. Within 48 hours, changes to page proofs should be sent by e-mail or Fax to AARD Office. The corresponding author may be contacted by the Editorial Office, depending on the nature of the correction in the proof. Failure to return the proof to the Editorial Office within 48 hours may necessitate rescheduling publication for a subsequent issue.
J. Fee for Publication Processing and Reprints
Nominal fee is charged for publication processing (member: 100,000 won, non-member: 200,000 won) in case of an original article or a case report. The reprint order form must be returned along with the corrected galley proofs. Purchased reprints are normally shipped 3 weeks after publication of the journal. Minimum publication charges and additional fee for reprints will due on every manuscript. Color illustrations are charged to the authors.
IV. Supplements
Supplements are collections of papers that are published as a separate issue of the journal or as part of a regular issue. Supplements are considered from the request by the KAPARD or the KAAACI, or from the need raised by the editorial committee of AARD. The publication is confirmed at the editorial committee meeting. The same principles discussed elsewhere in this document should be applied to supplements.
For more information, please contact:
Allergy Asthma Respir Dis Editorial Office
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Instructions for Authors
